The recent studies in patients with inflammation reported that simvastatin inhibited the vascular hyporeactivity and reduced the risk of the sepsis. The membrane proteins spectrin, ankyrin, actin, band-3, protein 4.1, and glycophorin have important roles in maintaining the structural and functional of the red blood cells (RBC). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of simvastatin on the membrane proteins of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were divided into four groups as the control, Endotoxemic (20 mg/kg, i.p. LPS), Simvastatin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), and Simvastatin+Endotoxemic group. Erythrocyte membrane proteins were detected using the SDS-PAGE. In the endotoxemic group, while the levels of proteins band-3, Protein 4.1, ankyrin were to decreased, spectrins, Actin, Glycophorins were extremely lower compared to other groups. In addition, simvastatin administration in endotoxemic animals was found to improve the distrupted membrane proteins which may suggest a compensatory defense mechanism supporting the RBC function.

Different cellular components of neuropathogenic bacteria have the capability to alter the homeostasis and normal function of Central Nervous System (CNS). Clostridium tetani (Ct), Neisseria meningitides (Nm), Bacillus cereus (Bc) and Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) are the principal pathogen of the CNS. The objective of present study was to examine the effects of a bacterial infection milieu on the electrophysiological properties of BALB/c mice hippocampal neurons by using the small peptides of neuropathogenic bacteria. Overnight separately grown bacterial culture in Nutrient Broth (NB), and human serum supplemented RPMI 1640 (RPMI), were used. Bacterial peptides were screened and purified from filter sterilized cell free broths (SCFBs), through high performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Electrophysiological impact of peptides on voltage gated potassium (Idr), and sodium (INa), channels currents were recorded at interval of 5 and 10 minutes using whole cell patch clamp technique. Prior to peptide exposure multiple readings of cultured neuronal cells were taken as control. The current profile indicated the peptides (0.5 mg) each of Ct, Bc and Lm isolated from both NB and RPMI significantly (P<0.05), inhibited Ikv currents. In contrast, Bc(RPMI) significantly (P<0.05), activated INa while peptides of Nm did not show any significant effect on both type of currents. Collectively these findings demonstrated the implication of bacterial peptides on the CNS by their intervention in electrophysiology of cells consequently initiated an array of other physiological functions associated in disease progression.

Carbamazepine has been widely used as a primary pharmacotherapeutic for pain syndromes and epilepsy for decades, and its pharmacological profile has been extensively studied across a wide range of experimental and clinical settings. This review article outlines the significance and complexity of carbamazepine, with a focus on its anticonvulsant properties, and examines its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects. This analysis is provided within the context of using suitable experimental models to adequately determine the validity, efficacy, and safety of existing and novel pharmacological agents.

Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of CD20 positive B cell malignancies. In the transplant context, rituximab has been used to prevent and treat antibody-mediated allograft rejection, minimize systemic toxicities secondary to chemotherapy, treat autoimmune anemias, and as a strategy for managing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). However, information in the pediatric cardiac transplant patient population is limited. This review summarizes the use of rituximab in the pediatric cardiac transplant population.

Opioid addiction is an ongoing public health problem across the United States. The sharing of syringes and needles is a major risk factor for transmission of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis C (HCV) in patients who use drugs.